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Some Theory
 

 
What is DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) and how to use it?
 
What is DNS?
DNS (Domain Name System) is a service translating an IP address from numeric to domain name. It means that there is no need to memorize addresses in numeric form such as 62.121.128.13 - you can always use adequate name, for example www.dipol.com.pl. DNS server will translate the numeric address into domain name on request. After the computer which made the request receives the numeric address, it can establish connection with the appropriate computer.
Diagram of client - server communication with DNS:
Such communication is possible if the server has a static IP, at which it is always available. A single record in DNS server database establishes relation between the addresses 62.121.128.13 and www.dipol.com.pl. This relation is always valid and invariable, so the client can communicate with the server either through domain name (using DNS translation) or directly via numeric address (bypassing DNS server).
What is a DDNS?
If we wish to run a server for website hosting or accessing CCTV camera, available from any Internet location and we don't have a static IP address but a dynamic one supplied by DHCP server (Neostrada - ADSL service in Poland is a good example of such an option), we have to use DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) service.
How does DDNS work?
Neostrada clients do not have a static IP - it is changed periodically. As we have shown above, in this situation it is impossible to run a server, because the current IP address of the server would have been unknown. DNS server, which translates domain name into numeric form, points at one specific IP. Once the IP number changes, the DNS data ceases to be valid.
The solution is provided by DDNS service. Similarly to DNS server, it provides a database containing relations between domain and numeric addresses, but this database may be updated on request by the domain owner. Thanks to this feature, the server is available in the domain address regardless its actual IP number. In such a case, the access to the server is limited to its domain name translated by DDNS server, unless we know its actual IP number (but of course we do not know how long it will be valid).
We have to remember that when DHCP server changes the IP, it takes some time to detect this change by the client software or router, and, after the notification is sent to DDNS server, it takes another minute or so to send this piece of data to DNS server to update the database. In result, our server will be periodically unavailable up to several minutes, every time the IP address has been changed.
DDNS in action
DDNS service is accessible via a number of providers. Its basic version, sufficient to support the above configuration, is usually free of charge. All devices supporting DDNS usually have several provider addresses preset by default. The most popular are:
DDNS configuration
To use DDNS in DynDNS service, visit http://www.dyndns.org and register (use Sign Up Now link in upper right corner of the site).
The link opens the page where new account can be created. But first, you have to read and accept the terms of agreement:
Enter user name, e-mail address and personal password. After filling in the form, choose ''Create Account''- the system notifies you that new account has just been created. To complete the process click the link supplied in registration e-mail to activate the account in 48 hours following your registration. After visiting the website you will be informed that your account is activated and ready to log-in.
Log-in box is located in the main page of provider's website in the upper right corner or in ''Account'' tab. After logging in you get full access to the service.
In ''Services'' tab choose ''Dynamic DNS'' option. At the bottom of the page the note saying that there are no hosts defined is displayed:
Click ''Add A Host'' to add your server. Then select hostname and domain out of the list of 45 available domains. In ''IP Address'' enter current IP address. This address will be updated automatically.
After clicking ''Add Host'' system notifies that a new record was added to DNS server. In ''Account'' tab the record is displayed and may be altered or deleted as well as new record may be added.
DDNS service is now configured. If you enter dipol.homedns.org in our browser you will get access to the server (if necessary software has been installed).
DDNS is also available in No-IP service. If your device supports this service, enter http://www.no-ip.com and register (Sing Up Free! link).
The registration form is more detailed than in DynDNS service. After filling all fields and accepting terms of agreement click ''SIGN UP NOW!''
After receiving confirmation e-mail click supplied link to complete activation process.
Log-in from the main page, entering your e-mail address and chosen password.
After log-in, access to a number of features is granted. Choose Hosts/Redirects menu and then ''Add''
Enter server name in Hostname field and then one of the 20 provided free domain names. Host Type settings should be left unchanged - other features may turn up useful later on.
If all data is correct, click ''Create Host''. The system notifies that new host has been added and that DNS database will be updated in 5 minutes.
Other features enable data management, activation of new services etc.
After registration in DDNS service, you should configure your router or computer accordingly in your network.
If the computer is connected directly via ADSL modem with USB interface, you have to install necessary software to watch change of IP address and perform data upgrade in DDNS service. Such software recognizes IP change, reads new address and updates it in DDNS service where we have registered our server. This type of software is provided by DDNS service websites, ready for download. If you use the DynDNS the appropriate list may be found on https://www.dyndns.org/services/dyndns/clients.html. If you use the No-IP select ''Downloads'' tab on http://www.no-ip.com/downloads.php - then select appropriate operation system first, and then the utility.
After software installation is completed, enter data necessary to log-in: login name and password for DynDNS or e-mail and password for No-IP.
DynDNS client software is called ''DynDNS Updater'' and is available on https://www.dyndns.org/
download/clients/windows/dyndns-setup.zip. After the installation is completed, a notification is displayed that no accounts are defined. To add new account, click ''Add''.
Choose account name and enter necessary data according to what has been already defined in DynDNS service.
Choose ''Add'' in Hosts tab and define server name and domain chosen in DynDNS. After clicking OK the window will look like this:
Default settings in "Option" tab may be left unchanged. To finish new account configuration, click OK.
The program will inform us that new account has been defined.
Clicking on the icon on tray, we will open a pop-up menu:
''Enable automatic update'' feature allows automatic renew of IP address on DDNS server. Double click on this icon opens window with handy information and enables further configuration of the program according to our needs.
No-IP service provides client software called ''No-IP Duc'', available at http://www.no-ip.com/
client/ducsetup.exe. After the installation is completed, you have to enter your e-mail and password, previously defined on No-IP website.
After logging in, the program supplies information about defined hosts.
Using available options you can define whether the program should be added to Autostart or to be run as a system service (in Windows NT/2000/XP).
In ''Connection - Standard'' tab you can define period between two IP address checks. This feature is needed if the computer is connected to a router without DDNS service. The shortest period available is 5 minutes, the longest 720 minutes.
At the bottom of the screen we get notifications about program status, recent IP upgrades and current IP address.
When several computers are connected to ADSL service via a router, DDNS service may be supported by the router or by one of the computers in the local network, on the condition that it is permanently on. On such a computer we can install necessary software described above, updating IP address.
It is much more convenient if such a service is supported by a router which connects to DDNS service. Unfortunately, not all devices provide this feature.
How to make router configuration we will explain on the example of Eminent EM-4112 devices - a router with switch, ADSL modem, USB port, and wireless 802.11g Access Point EM-4114. DDNS is also supported by IP camera with webserver, TCD-23W2.
Check appropriate boxes to enable DDNS feature and select appropriate service from the available three (DynDNS.org, TZO.com, or dhs.org). Enter host name as defined in the service and the data necessary to log-in: username and password. Save the settings clicking ''Save'' and restart the device - as prompted - with ''Reboot'' button.
After turning the device on check in logs whether DDNS service works fine:
February 2nd 2005, 10:27:14 DDNS: update dipol.homedns.org to 83.17.30.134.
In Eminent EM-4114, the DDNS configuration is pretty much the same:
When using IP camera with TCD-23W2 webserver, check ''PPoE (ADSL)'' in ''Network Configuration'' menu and then enter necessary data, as in the picture below:
After finishing, click the ''Submit'' button.
 
 
 
 
 

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