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This article is dedicated to teachers and students of technical schools with electronics courses. It contains a set of materials that can be used in the implementation of a training program for SMATV and CCTV technologies.
The article has been divided into three parts:
Part 1
Proposals for school laboratoriesPresentation of specific hardware solutions allowing for the examination of the necessary knowledge and skills for future installers.
Part 2
Designing SMATV systems with SatNet - an application for technical schoolsWe propose the use of the software in schools for teaching how to design multiswitch systems being a popular SMATV solution in multi-family buildings.
Part 3
A knowledge baseLinks to articles on telecommunication installations (updated on a continuous basis).
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Implementation of the curriculum in one of Krakow's vocational secondary school. The students practice skills needed for installers, using products from our offer - coaxial cables, screed-on and compression connectors, crimping tools, subscriber outlets, splitters, preamplifiers and amplifiers, and many other items.
The figures below show the proposed solutions for laboratory workstations focused on the key issues related to installing TV, SAT TV and CCTV systems. We took into account possibly low cost of the equipment, but with the ability to practice and verify key installation issues. Each of the schemes is provided with a list of problems that should be solved by every installer. The answers to most of the questions can be found in the Knowledge Base listed at the end of the article. There is, of course, the possibility of combining the solutions, as well as enriching them with additional verification elements testing in a very detailed manner the knowledge of future installers. If you have any questions - please contact us - we are ready to assist in the development of other or more complex solutions. We will use our expertise to solve any problems in this field.
Exercise and examination system - television
The system enables access to full package of TV signals on up to seven laboratory workstations (stands) that can be used for exercise and examination purposes. When needed, the number of workstations shown in the diagram can be easily reduced or increased. The master antenna includes: A9646 satellite dish with a diameter of 115 cm with two A98266 quatro LNBs, A9658 satellite dish with a diameter of 110 cm and two A98253 quad LNBs, and UHF antenna for reception of DVB-T broadcasts. The outdoor cabling is made of TRISET-113 PE E1017 coaxial cable, the indoor network uses TRISET-113 PVC E1015 cable. The first part of the satellite path (with the A9646 dish) provides each stand with signals from two satellites, with division into different polarizations and bands. The signals from the quarto LNBs enter the Terra SA-91L R70901 amplifier and then are distributed to the stands with the use of SD-xx taps. At any stand the user can connect a multiswitch (e.g. MV-908 R70858).
The second part of the satellite installation (with A9658 dish) provides signals to the first four stands, also from two satellites, but only via single cables (full band and both polarizations). It uses A98253 quad LNBs and R852510 DiSEqC switches. For a greater number of stands, it would be necessary to use an octo LNB (8 outputs - e.g. A98258) or employ a multiswitch.
The third part of the system supplies all stands with signals of digital terrestrial television (DVB-T). The signals from the A2670 antenna are distributed to each stand via the Signal R-8 R60108 8-way splitter. The unused output of the splitter is closed by the R66200 terminating resistor. Depending on the signal levels in the area and the length of the cables, the terrestrial path may require the application of an TV amplifier, which can also be a part of the training.
Laboratory workstation no. 1
Fig. 1 - Reception of DVB-T broadcasts - the influence of amplifiers and passive components on the level and quality of digital signals
Figure 1 shows a typical antenna receiving system for terrestrial digital television (DVB-T). The Dipol TriDigit A2670 antenna is connected via Triset-113 PE E1017 cable for outdoor applications with Signal R694130 terminal outlet. The optional components include the Terra HS-013 R82010 subscriber amplifier and Signal R-4 R60104 splitter. The output signals are measured with the R10837 meter connected to the subscriber outlet with Triset-113 E1015 cable.
What every installer should be able to:
- choose the place and mounting method for DVB-T antenna
- install subscriber outlet
- search for and determine available DVB-T multiplexes
- remember the channel lists of the multiplexes
- measure BER, MER, signal levels in dBμV and determine their influence on the reception quality
- learn about the influence of active components (amplifier) on these parameters
- determine the influence of passive components (splitter, subscriber outlet) upon these parameters
- connect and configure popular DVB-T receiver
Laboratory workstation no. 2
Fig. 2 - Reception of DVB-T broadcasts - setup and testing of channel amplifiers
Channel amplifiers are currently the basic components of the majority of (S)MATV systems. It is highly important for each installer to know the operation principle and advantages compared with broadband amplifiers. The installation shown in Fig. 2 is based on popular channel amplifier Telmor WWK-951 R89861.
What every installer should be able to:
- know the operation principles and setup procedures of typical channel amplifiers
- explain the concept of selectivity as one of the primary criteria for selecting a channel amplifier
- measure the parameters of the signals, especially the impact of the built-in filters onto the unwanted ones
Laboratory workstation no. 3
Fig. 3 - Individual reception of SAT TV
Figure 3 presents a basic installation for individual reception of satellites broadcasts with two single SAT receivers or one twin tuner PVR receiver. The receiving set consists of 80 cm Triax TD 80 A9642 dish and Monoblock TWIN LNB A98254 allowing for reception broadcasts from two satellite positions, Hotbird 13.0E and Astra 19.2E. The LNB is connected with the Signal R694100 outlet via the Triset-113 PE E1017 cable. The output signals are measured with the Signal R10837 meter.
What every installer should be able to:
- mount and align the satellite dish and the LNB
- know control signals used in satellite TV receiving systems: LNB supply voltage level, 22 kHz, DiSEqC
- identify:
- satellites with the use of satellite meter
- selected transponders
- measure BER, MER, signal levels in dBμV and determine their influence on the reception quality
- search available websites (e.g. lyngsat.com, linowsat.de, kingofsat.net) for the lists of transponders and channels
- perform a complete installation of a typical satellite receiver
Laboratory workstation no. 4
Fig. 4 - Basic SMATV system
Figure 4 shows a multiswitch system distributing DVB-T channels and satellite broadcasts from two satellite positions to four subscriber outlets. The SAT receiving set consists of 100 cm Triax 100 TD A9644 dish and two quatro LNBs A98257, connected with eight Triset-113 PE cables with Signal MRP-908 R68908 multiswitch. The combined satellite and terrestrial signals (the former from the A2670 DVB-T antenna) are available in the subscriber outlets. The ability to make such a system and the knowledge of the principles of its operation will allow for the implementation of advanced television systems in detached houses, as well as the basis for the design and implementation of larger multiswitch systems in multi-dwelling units.
What every installer should be able to:
- know the types and applications of LNBs
- identify outputs of quatro LNBs and inputs of multiswitches
- connect subscriber outlets, know the issue of signal filtration
- diagnose problems and find solutions in the case of:
- no signal at the multiswitch output despite adequate input signal
- no signal from some band or polarization
- no signal from one satellite (in the receiver)
Laboratory workstation no. 5
Fig. 5 - Analog CCTV system with 4 cameras
Figure 5 presents the diagram of a simple video surveillance system, with one DVR and four analog security cameras. The M75274,
M75362 ceiling cameras and M75692, M75761 compact cameras are connected to the popular 4-channel DVR Hikvision M75605, with the use of typical CCTV cable Camset/YAR M5995. The cable transmits the baseband video signals (via its RG59 component) and supplies power to cameras (via two 0.5 mm power wires). The power is distributed from the M1825 power supply unit via power supply distributor M1802. Good practice requires protection of low-current systems against overvoltages. This function is performed by the Video Surge Protector HDO-1F PRO (BNC) M17011. It is worth mentioning that modern CCTV DVRs make use of smartphones. The users can remotely configure the DVRs and view images from the cameras.
M75362 ceiling cameras and M75692, M75761 compact cameras are connected to the popular 4-channel DVR Hikvision M75605, with the use of typical CCTV cable Camset/YAR M5995. The cable transmits the baseband video signals (via its RG59 component) and supplies power to cameras (via two 0.5 mm power wires). The power is distributed from the M1825 power supply unit via power supply distributor M1802. Good practice requires protection of low-current systems against overvoltages. This function is performed by the Video Surge Protector HDO-1F PRO (BNC) M17011. It is worth mentioning that modern CCTV DVRs make use of smartphones. The users can remotely configure the DVRs and view images from the cameras.
What every installer should be able to:
- know the differences between different types of analog cameras
- select the appropriate camera type to working conditions
- adjust the camera parameters for optimum imaging
- make use of cameras with IR illuminators for low-light and night operation
- design power circuits for analog CCTV cameras
- select a suitable DVR and configure it appropriately to the needs
- calculate the necessary disk space depending on the recording parameters
- remotely configure DVRs, using available applications for Windows systems and smartphones
Laboratory workstation no. 6
Fig. 6 - Multipurpose SMATV system with security cameras (DVB-T+SAT+CCTV)
The system shown in Fig. 6 allows for the reception and distribution of terrestrial TV (DVB-T) and SAT broadcasts from two satellites to 8 subscriber outlets. Additionally, the system integrates video surveillance functionality that has been implemented with the use of TV modulators and analog CCTV cameras. The students can test the application of analog modulator Terra MT-41 R871741 and digital DVB-T encoder-modulator R86702, which are connected to CVBS outputs of the HD-TVI cameras.
What every installer should be able to:
- classify TV modulators due to the type of the output signal
- distinguish the spectrum of analog PAL and digital DVB-T (COFDM) signals
- know the rules for determining the optimum output levels of selected active components of RF distribution systems (amplifiers, modulators)
Laboratory workstation no. 7
Fig. 7 - The network equipment for an office, placed in a RACK cabinet
The figure 7 shows the network equipment placed in a RACK cabinet, used for the deployment of a wired computer network for 24 hosts. The main router of the network is e.g. the TP-LINK TL-WR841N N3250 (with optional Wi-Fi connectivity), or more advanced RouterBoard RB2011UAS-RM N242011. The physical connections with the computers are made via the R9120319 patch panel. The entire network uses Gigabit Ethernet 1000BASE-T standard.
What every installer should be able to:
- Select the suitable router and switch
- Mount the network devices in a RACK cabinet
- Install RJ-45 connectors
- Physically connect the network devices
- Configure the network
- Diagnose network failures
Fiber optic systems in practice
An example of the laboratory stand – fusion splicing of optical fibers
Version 1 – purpose of the exercise: fiber splicing and protecting
Equipment and accessories:
1. Fusion splicer Signal Fire AI-8 L5870 (with universal stripper and cleaver)
2. Universal fiber optic stripper (250/900um) L5905
3. Scissors for cutting Kevlar(R) L5904
4. Fiber stripper for flat cables L5906
5. Dust-free Kim-Wipes 280 pcs. L5913
6. IPA solvent cleaner L5915
7. Heat-shrinkable protective tube L5554 (200 pcs.)
8. Fiber scraps trash can L5918
9. Rotational stripper Ideal (3-5.5 mm)
1. Fusion splicer Signal Fire AI-8 L5870 (with universal stripper and cleaver)
2. Universal fiber optic stripper (250/900um) L5905
3. Scissors for cutting Kevlar(R) L5904
4. Fiber stripper for flat cables L5906
5. Dust-free Kim-Wipes 280 pcs. L5913
6. IPA solvent cleaner L5915
7. Heat-shrinkable protective tube L5554 (200 pcs.)
8. Fiber scraps trash can L5918
9. Rotational stripper Ideal (3-5.5 mm)
Exercise description:
- pulling out the respective lengths of fibers
- preparation of fiber ends (stripping, cleaning, cleaving)
- fiber splicing
- protection with heat-shrinkable sleeves
Version 2 – purpose of the exercise: splicing fibers with pigtails, protection of splices, installation in an 1U RACK fiber optic box
Equipment and accessories:
1. Fusion splicer Signal Fire AI-8 L5870 (with universal stripper and cleaver)
2. Universal fiber optic stripper (250/900um) L5905
3. Scissors for cutting Kevlar(R) L5904
4. Fiber stripper for flat cables L5906
5. Dust-free Kim-Wipes 280 pcs. L5913
6. IPA solvent cleaner L5915
7. Heat-shrinkable protective tube L5554 (200 pcs.)
8. Fiber scraps trash can L5918
9. RACK cabinet 6U R912018
10. Fiber optic box L5124 (with tray for 24 splices), front panel L5541
11. SC/PC L4211 adapter (24 pcs.)
12. SC/PC simplex pigtail (1 meter) L3551 (100 pcs.)
13. Cable tie E951032 (100 pcs.)
14. Rotational stripper Ideal (3-5.5 mm)
1. Fusion splicer Signal Fire AI-8 L5870 (with universal stripper and cleaver)
2. Universal fiber optic stripper (250/900um) L5905
3. Scissors for cutting Kevlar(R) L5904
4. Fiber stripper for flat cables L5906
5. Dust-free Kim-Wipes 280 pcs. L5913
6. IPA solvent cleaner L5915
7. Heat-shrinkable protective tube L5554 (200 pcs.)
8. Fiber scraps trash can L5918
9. RACK cabinet 6U R912018
10. Fiber optic box L5124 (with tray for 24 splices), front panel L5541
11. SC/PC L4211 adapter (24 pcs.)
12. SC/PC simplex pigtail (1 meter) L3551 (100 pcs.)
13. Cable tie E951032 (100 pcs.)
14. Rotational stripper Ideal (3-5.5 mm)
Exercise description:
- preparing the cable end
- inserting the cable to the box
- preparation of fiber ends (stripping, cleaning, cleaving)
- splicing the fibers with pigtails
- protection of the splices with heat-shrinkable sleeves
- placing the spare lengths of the fibers on the tray
- plugging in the pigtails into adapters on the front panel
Version 3 – implementation of fiber connection between two active devices (2 fusion splices), testing the link
Equipment and accessories:
1. Fusion splicer Signal Fire AI-8 L5870 (with universal stripper and cleaver)
2. Universal fiber optic stripper (250/900um) L5905
3. Scissors for cutting Kevlar(R) L5904
4. Fiber stripper for flat cables L5906
5. Dust-free Kim-Wipes 280 pcs. L5913
6. IPA solvent cleaner L5915
7. Heat-shrinkable protective tube L5554 (200 pcs.)
8. Fiber scraps trash can L5918
9. SC/PC simplex pigtail (1 meter) L3551 (100 pcs.)
10. Ethernet media converter (set) L11525
11. 5 dB SC/APC optical attenuator L4515 (2 pcs.)
12. Rotational stripper Ideal (3-5.5 mm)
1. Fusion splicer Signal Fire AI-8 L5870 (with universal stripper and cleaver)
2. Universal fiber optic stripper (250/900um) L5905
3. Scissors for cutting Kevlar(R) L5904
4. Fiber stripper for flat cables L5906
5. Dust-free Kim-Wipes 280 pcs. L5913
6. IPA solvent cleaner L5915
7. Heat-shrinkable protective tube L5554 (200 pcs.)
8. Fiber scraps trash can L5918
9. SC/PC simplex pigtail (1 meter) L3551 (100 pcs.)
10. Ethernet media converter (set) L11525
11. 5 dB SC/APC optical attenuator L4515 (2 pcs.)
12. Rotational stripper Ideal (3-5.5 mm)
Single-mode cable L7104 (4x G.657A2 fibers)
Exercise description:
- preparing the cable end
- preparation of fiber ends (stripping, cleaning, cleaving)
- splicing the fibers with pigtails
- protection of the splices with heat-shrinkable sleeves
- plugging in the pigtails into media converters
- testing the link - Ethernet connection between any two network devices
All electronics schools can use in the teaching process a simple but very functional SatNet application, an ideal tool for designing SMATV systems. The freeware program can be installed in any school on unlimited number of computers.
SatNet software from TERRA is used to design multiswitch systems based on the equipment manufactured by the company. The program provides the design in graphical form, determines signal levels in all outlets and verifies if they are compliant with standards.
By clicking on the picture below, you can switch to the article describing in detail the functionality of the application and the components of multiswitch systems. There is a number of practical examples there, as well. Thanks to a user-friendly interface, the application can be easily controlled by novice users, at the same time providing advanced tools for professional designers and installation companies.
The SatNet app
By clicking on the picture below, you can switch to the article describing in detail the functionality of the application and the components of multiswitch systems. There is a number of practical examples there, as well. Thanks to a user-friendly interface, the application can be easily controlled by novice users, at the same time providing advanced tools for professional designers and installation companies.
The SatNet app
- is a completely free application for designing a Terra multiswitch system of any size
- is used by many design offices and installation companies throughout the world
- fully reflects the actual parameters of the devices used
- performs fast attenuation balance of transmission paths over the entire frequency spectrum of the signals
- can define multiple types of transmission cables
- provides a simple cost estimate for the designed system
- has features that automate the design process and selection of system components
Click on the picture below to switch to the article on the application with the SatNet downloading option.
Below there is a list of articles on TV/SAT and CCTV systems, concerning both theoretical and practical issues. We strive to create articles that are always up to date. DIPOL Library contains this set and many other items.
DVB-T antenna systems
Measurements and amplification of DTT (DVB-T) signals
How to select an antenna for digital TV (DVB-T)
Adaptation of SMATV / MATV / shared antenna systems for reception of DVB-T broadcasts
Digital DVB-T modulators - assortment and applications
Sets of channel amplifiers
Filters in TV antenna installations
Separation between outputs of splitters
Splitters and taps
Maximum output level in active elements of community and cable networks
Basics of designing MATV/community antenna systems
How to select an antenna for digital TV (DVB-T)
Adaptation of SMATV / MATV / shared antenna systems for reception of DVB-T broadcasts
Digital DVB-T modulators - assortment and applications
Sets of channel amplifiers
Filters in TV antenna installations
Separation between outputs of splitters
Splitters and taps
Maximum output level in active elements of community and cable networks
Basics of designing MATV/community antenna systems
Satellite DVB-S/S2 systems
Some theory and tables
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
Symbols used in diagrams of antenna installations (Polish norm)
Conversion Table - dBuV to uV/mV
TV Channels (PAL BG/DK)
Locations and parameters of terrestrial digital and analog TV transmitters in Poland
Data transmission via cable TV networks
Instructions on how to properly protect connections with SCAPA 2501 self-amalgamating tape
Symbols used in diagrams of antenna installations (Polish norm)
Conversion Table - dBuV to uV/mV
TV Channels (PAL BG/DK)
Locations and parameters of terrestrial digital and analog TV transmitters in Poland
Data transmission via cable TV networks
Instructions on how to properly protect connections with SCAPA 2501 self-amalgamating tape
Analog CCTV systems
IP CCTV systems
Intelligent video surveillance systems
Network Video Recorder (NVR) - Storage and management solution for IP CCTV system
Architecture of video surveillance systems based on IP networks
LAN for IP video surveillance
H.264 compression - learn and use in practice!
Optimization of CCTV camera settings
What is DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) and how to use it?
Network Video Recorder (NVR) - Storage and management solution for IP CCTV system
Architecture of video surveillance systems based on IP networks
LAN for IP video surveillance
H.264 compression - learn and use in practice!
Optimization of CCTV camera settings
What is DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) and how to use it?
All interested schools should contact the person responsible for the "DIPOL for education..." project at this email address, or the following phone number: +48 12 686 02 11 ext. 38 (landline). You can benefit from our experience and purchase the necessary equipment.
The participants of this project can buy the offered equipment at special prices!
