Search results: gt-sat

Choosing the right antenna is a key issue in any TV system. When looking for a suitable model, the following factors should be taken into account – gain, directivity, mounting location, built-in signal amplifier and the band for which the antenna is tuned.

One of the criteria for classification of TV systems in hotels is the programming to be distributed. The simplest systems may provide only free-to-air terrestrial TV broadcasts, whereas more advanced solutions will include satellite channels, also some premium ones (pay-TV). The content required by the owner/investor will depend on the categories of prospective hotel guests (foreign and thematic channels etc).

PoE (Power over Ethernet) is the name of a number of methods that allow for powering network devices through UTP/FTP cables. This way it is possible to power devices such as cameras, phones, switches, access points, etc.

Measurement of DVB-T2 terrestrial television signals and DVB-S/S2 satellite television signals. The technique of measuring DVB-T2 terrestrial digital TV signals is not very different from DVB-T signal measurement.

Archive library. The information contained therein may be outdated. HikCentral Professional is a complete platform designed to manage Hikvision-branded security systems.

This article summarizes the knowledge for the installer who faces the task of verifying the correctness of a fiber optic system. The article describes in detail all aspects related to the idea and procedures of measurement by the transmission method.

The 5G network is the fifth generation of wireless (telecommunications) technology standards, which offers much faster data transfer speeds than earlier generations such as 3G or 4G.

A short presentation of the new series of ULTIMODE devices for testing and measuring fiber optic installations.

Sunell is a global supplier of high-quality CCTV equipment. The company has for many years focused on modern and reliable products.

Tools for configuring, managing and using video surveillance systems based on Sunell cameras

Fiber optic systems play an increasingly important role in the transmission of TV/SAT signals. They guarantee low signal loss and very high immunity to interference. DIPOL offers new TERRA solution for SMATV systems based on optical fibers.

The main problem faced by installers implementing a fiber-optic video surveillance system in open areas is to choose the right way to install and connect IP cameras.

This article presents the actual measurement results and how to configure the channel amplifier in the implementation of a SMATV system of DVB-T2 terrestrial television for about 70 terminal outlets.

Satellite dishes are one of many important components of an antenna system. This type of antenna provides reception of the signal that is transmitted by telecommunications satellites providing access to hundreds of foreign programs that are broadcast from even the most remote places in the world.

Every DVB-T2 digital terrestrial TV system begins with the antenna. Proper choice is critical to the success of the entire project.

Wireless Internet access services provided by mobile network operators are an increasingly popular access method chosen by subscribers. Depending on the transmitter and mobile operator, wireless access services can be provided using different data transmission techniques. The most popular technology is LTE allowing to achieve real throughputs up to 100 - 150 Mbps (in theory up to 600 Mbps).

Library covering the configuration of IP / 2-Wire Hikvision video intercom systems.

The market of fiber optic splicers has changed significantly over the last few years. Japanese splicers of renown brands (Fujikura, Sumitomo, Fitel) and Korean equipment (e.g. Inno), keeping pace in many aspects, have been joined by cheap Chinese ones.

The Construction Products Regulation (CPR) is a REGULATION (EU) No 305/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 9 March 2011 laying down harmonized conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC (Construction Product Directive). The regulation classifies construction products and lays down the rules regarding testing of said products and is aimed at ensuring reliable information on construction products in terms of their performance characteristics on the EU markets.

Omada SDN platform for network infrastructure management integrates such network devices as: access points, switches and network gateways.

Hik-ProConnect is a state-of-the-art cloud-based platform for installers and integrators of Hikvision systems. It allows for remote diagnostics and configuration of devices.

Headends distributing satellite programs converted to digital DVB-T COFDM format are still the most popular solution used in many hotels. Satellite channels can be an addition to the terrestrial television programs or be the only part of the package offered.

Hikvision is a leading global provider of video surveillance products and solutions. The company's portfolio includes, among others, CCTV monitoring systems (IP cameras and DVRs, analog HD), VMS software, encoders and decoders of video walls as well as access control solutions together with the dynamically growing video intercom division.

Home LAN / WLAN system can be used not only for connecting desktops and laptops to the Internet but also for providing access to shared memory (NAS), printers, scanners as well as may be the source of content displayed on TV screens and the basis of home CCTV monitoring.

Modern technology considerably streamlines the work of security staff in large commercial companies, office buildings, manufacturing facilities, airports, that is, all premises with heavy foot traffic. Hikvision offers devices for instant detection of people with elevated body temperature and for counting people present on site, even the one that has multiple entrances and exits.

Exchanging data between at least two computers requires a dedicated computer network has to be created. In such a network, the devices communicate using transmission media via appropriate communication protocols. Not only computers and servers can be connected to a computer network these days, but also CCTV equipment, alarms, smart home components or household appliances.

The technology behind people counting is able to automatically provide the necessary statistics and keep the staff updated on the number of customers present in a store. On large premises with numerous entrances, the statistics are kept for the entire facility, not for a single entrance. Cameras and software dedicated to that task are also on offer.

Hikvision Temperature Screening Solution, with multiple product types and wide range of applications, is designed for the detection of skin-surface temperatures so as to achieve rapid and safe preliminary screening in public areas with high efficiency in a multitude of scenarios.

Resource only in Polish language.

A hard drive is a key element of any CCTV system. Its parameters are crucial for the quality and reliability of camera video recording. HDDs employed for monitoring purposes work under conditions different than those used in PCs.

This article gathers basic information about fiber-optic cables offered by DIPOL. The short guide is designed to help you choose the best cable for your needs resulting from the requirements for your installation.

Signal HD converters of HDMI (or VGA) to IP interface allow users to transmit and distribute high-resolution (HD) signals via computer IP networks to HD-enabled televisions/monitors (with HDMI or VGA inputs). They also enable users to control the source devices from the remote locations of the televisions/monitors through the original remote controls or, where applicable, through USB devices (mouse and/or keyboard – e.g. in the case of STBs and NVRs).

The conversion of baseband audio-video (A/V) signals to radio frequency (RF) channel is called modulation. The process allows for the distribution of signals coming from all kinds of sources, such as computers, DVD and Blu-ray players, security cameras etc. through antenna systems.

Rapid advances in technology have lead to a dynamic growth in CCTV systems that offer ever greater potential at an increasingly lower cost. As a consequence, their use in single-family homes is on the rise.

The article contains general information on performing measurements in fiber optic installations. The transmission method and reflectometric measurements are described.

Signal MRP multiswitches with passive DVB-T/DAB/FM path have been designed for small/medium size SAT installations built in star topology. One device or a group of such multiswitches feeds the subscriber outlets from individual outputs of the multiswitch(es). This topology is typical for applications in single-family homes and in buildings inhabited by several or so families.

Signal Fire is a dynamically developing company specializing in the manufacture of fiber optic splicers. Headquartered in Chengdu, it employs nearly 200 professionals. The devices are built with top-of-the-line components from renown manufacturers (including European ones), and based on technological solutions protected by numerous patents. The characteristic feature of splicing machines from Signal Fire is the use of smartphones for their configuration, archiving of operation data and for diagnostics. Products of this company have gained recognition in the markets of the whole world. The high quality of the offered devices is confirmed by the warranty policy providing a replacement after 50,000 splices.

Signal standing and server RACK cabinets have been tested for compliance with the general safety requirements of the European Union Directive 2014/35/EU of February 26, 2014, by meeting the relevant requirements of EN 62368-1: 2015-03 standard.

The article presents proposals to build examination stands in technical/vocational schools. Additionally, it lists other articles that can help understand some practical issues connected with electronics.

Hikvision IP cameras are divided into series with some characteristic features, such as video content analytics (VCA), H.265(+) video compression, compact housings with IK10 rating (vandal-proof) etc. Knowledge of the characteristics of a given line along with the relevant symbols allow for quick selection of camera models suitable for a specific installation. Currently, the economy line consists of three series: EasyIP Lite, EasyIP 2.0 plus, and EasyIP 3.0. Shortly, there will be another series, EasyIP 4.0. Older series, like EasyIP 2.0, are being replaced by the newer ones with H.265 video compression.

Proper preparation of the ends of optical fibers is the basis for successful fiber splicing. Even the best and most expensive splicing machine will not be able to properly connect dirty or improperly cleft fibers. For this reason, care for the cleanliness of fiber optic tools is extremely important.

Video monitoring devices can be easily classified into a wider range of products that can form the Internet of Things (IoT). Many devices used in everyday life, such as TV sets, refrigerators or washing machines with embedded electronic systems and equipped with network interfaces can process and transfer data via network connections.

The RACK board system allows for use both of the front and side surfaces of a RACK cabinet, available after dismantling side walls. The solution enables the installer to achieve unprecedented volume filling factor of the cabinet, while maintaining good access to all signal distribution devices, with proper ventilation, connection transparency, application of patch panels to connect all inbound and outbound cables. All the features make it easy for technicians to diagnose the network during operation.

The article introduces concepts of implementing distribution systems of terrestrial and satellite radio and TV signals in multifamily buildings. Any subscriber is able to receive terrestrial FM/DAB/TV signals broadcast in the area, and satellite radio/TV signals from two satellite positions. All the signals come from one master antenna set... (in translation)

Twisted-pair cables are used to transmit signals in telecommunication systems and computer networks. The most popular twisted-pair cables are composed of four pairs of twisted insulated copper wires. The twisting strongly reduces the influence of external electromagnetic interference and mutual interference between the pairs, called crosstalk. Currently, the cables are mainly used in telephony and Ethernet networks.

Wireless network in a school should provide access to the Internet throughout the school building and offer bandwidth sufficient for comfortable use of network services by students, teachers and administrative staff. The key factors in choosing the devices is their bandwidth and the maximum number of supported users.

Legacy multiswitches operate in the 950 to 2150 MHz range and together with a Quatro LNB allow for distribution of DVB-S/S2 satellite programming, DVB-T terrestrial broadcasts, analog FM/ radio broadcasts from one master antenna set to many DVB-S/S2 receivers, TVs, stereos. The job of a multiswitch is to enable any satellite receiver in the system to tune to any satellite channel (polarization/band pair) across the whole range of satellite reception. For this purpose, such a receiver sends via its input and coaxial cable suitable commands (14/18 V supply voltage, 0/22 kHz switching tone, and, in the case of 9-input multiswitches, DiSEqC control signal). The result of the commands is the selection of the adequate input of the multiswitch connected to its output (connected with the input of the receiver).

SADP (Search Active Device Protocol) is a free and simple to use utility for searching Hikvision IP cameras and Hikvision DVRs/NVRs in the local network. The online device search tool can also be used for modification of network parameters of the Hikvision devices, including the change of passwords or recovery of default passwords (when the user lost/forgot a password). It can eliminate problems with duplicated IP addresses (occurring after connecting a number of devices), even in the same network class. The software is available for Microsoft Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows 2008 - 32/64-bit, Windows XP, Windows 2003 - 32-bit.

Firefox version 52 has changed the default settings for NPAPI plugins. This involves problems with displaying images (continuous prompts for installing plugins that have been already installed) from Ultimax and ***Hikvision***www.dipol.com.pl/hikvision--producer,search*** cameras and DVRs/NVRs. It is possible to restore support for the plugins by setting the appropriate variable in Firefox options.

The main problem faced by the installer implementing video monitoring system is the choice of the appropriate type of fiber optic cable and wiring topology for the particular installation. Because the most common questions relate to installations where cameras are deployed on poles or lampposts, all the examples refer to this type of implementations, however the information is relevant to other types of installations, as well.

Wireless Internet access via cellular networks is an increasingly popular service. The growing popularity of this service among subscribers is the result of mobility, higher throughputs and lower prices. The absolute highlight is LTE technology that enables the achievement of data rates similar to those in landline /cable or WiFi networks.

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) is one of digital radio technologies for broadcasting radio stations, used mainly in Europe. As in the case of digital terrestrial DVB-T that replaced over the years analog TV broadcasting, digital radio offers a range of benefits both for broadcasters and listeners.

The Yagi-Uda or Yagi antenna is one of the most popular antenna designs. Despite a comparatively simple construction, it has a high gain, typically greater than 10 dBi. Yagi-Uda antennas can operate in the HF to UHF bands (3 MHz to 3 GHz), but often within a limited bandwidth around the center frequency.

Hanging RACK cabinets have been certified for the compliance with general safety requirements contained in Chapter II of the General Product Safety Directive (2001/95/EC) of 3rd December 2001 and in the guidelines of the EN 60950-1:2007 international standard.

Connectors play a very important role in any transmission line. Their construction and quality have direct influence on connection stability, attenuation, return loss, mechanical strength. DIPOL offers a new generation of connectors - compression connectors meeting the most stringent requirements and standards.

The use of thermal imaging cameras is no longer limited to buildings or installations critical to the defense of a country, or scientific applications. Cameras of this kind are employed to monitor unlit areas with dense vegetation, various processes in factories, power plants, oil and gas installations, at airports, etc. The best results can be achieved by creating systems consisting of optical and thermal cameras. This is due to different principles of operation and diverse forms of the generated images. An important part of such systems is image analysis. Thermal imaging cameras used for monitoring purposes usually have essential tools for image analysis, such as motion detection and detection of temperature changes beyond a preset range.

HDMI is now the most commonly used connector in sources of different kinds of multimedia content. In situations where there is a need to send an HDMI signal at a distance greater than 30 meters (maximum length of HDMI cables), or in a place where such a cable cannot be installed, it is reasonable to use the appropriate media converter that allows the transmission of the signal from the HDMI source using other type of transmission cable, more suitable for that application.

Under EU rules, by 2020 each citizen of the European Union is to have the technical ability to access the Internet with download speed at least 20 Mbps. In this respect, some EU countries introduced regulations aimed at accelerating this process. In some of them, each newly built residential building should be equipped with fiber-optic infrastructure. This type of cabling can be used not only in the implementation of access to high-speed Internet, but also proves to be an excellent medium for other services, including distribution of TV/SAT programming. Multiswitch systems providing access to digital terrestrial television (DVB-T) and satellite TV platforms are the perfect complement or an alternative to cable TV networks in multifamily buildings. The use of fiber optic solutions for such SMATV systems can have both technical and economical advantages.

Implementations of FTTH installations based on fiber optic subscriber lines arranged in a star topology are currently the most popular way of deploying fiber optics in multi-family buildings. The main advantages of the solution include a relatively low cost and a simple installation.

FTTH networks make an important part of modern telecommunication installations in residential buildings and other multi-dwelling units. The growing popularity of fiber optic systems "in the last mile" is the consequence both of legislation adopted in many countries and a growing awareness of investors. Fast and reliable access to the Internet and multimedia services has become a priority. The popularization of optical fibers is also possible due to cheap and effective technological solutions. Internet service providers have noticed the advantages of passive optical networks (xPON).

ULTIPOWER Ethernet industrial switches enable data transmission at rates of 10/100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps. Their RJ45 ports support auto-negotiation and Power over Ethernet (PoE) functions. The devices automatically discover PD devices (///Power Device///) compliant with IEEE 802.3af standard and supply power to them. This way, it is easy to power network devices located in places without access to AC lines, such as access points, IP cameras, IP phones etc. The switches have been equipped with optical converters or SFP slots for installing modules changing the transmission medium to fiber.

Intruder/burglar alarm system is a set of interconnected devices that is aimed to protect an object, usually a facility, against intruders and to notify the owner or/and the monitoring station/center of any violation of the protected zones. Depending on the requirements and financial possibilities, it can be a simple alarm system suitable for a basic protection of a home/apartment, or a more advanced structure, which in addition to the basic functions will greatly improve the life comforts of the users. The designer of the system, usually the installation company or simply the installer, can greatly help the investor/user (customer) to choose an optimal solution, depending on the characteristics of the facility and the customer needs, also taking into account expansion options for the future. More advanced alarm systems can perform functions like access control (motorized gates, electric strikes in wickets/doors), lighting and heating control, and many other tasks of home/building automation. The interface devices (manipulators) are modern keypads and touch panels, which beyond the aesthetic appearance and intuitive operation have the ability to store maps of the facility on memory cards for easier control of the entire system, as well as (optionally) mobile phones or handhelds and PCs with dedicated applications and Internet connection.

The development of IP CCTV systems was heavily hampered by the lack of compatibility of devices and low degree of flexibility in terms of future expansion. The users were not able to choose products from different manufacturers, not to mention the integration with other systems. ONVIF (Open Network Video Interface Forum) is an open industry forum aimed at coordinating efforts to set common, global standard for IP CCTV systems.

Extra Free is a wireless (radio) system for control of electrical appliances at homes, offices, businesses. The system consists of a large group of cooperating devices operating in 868 MHz band.

The article presents an example of terminating FTTH network based on the so-called easy access cable. Currently, the use of easy access cables is the optimal solution for installing fiber-optic cabling in buildings.

TERRA is one of the largest manufacturers of specialized equipment for the reception and distribution of satellite TV signals (DVB-S/S2), terrestrial broadcasts (DVB-T), and cable television (DVB-C) in Europe. The story goes back to the end of 1980, when the company supplied the Russian and Lithuanian markets with analog satellite receivers and LNBs.

F&Home RADIO is wireless intelligent building system dedicated for apartments, houses and business premises. Its concept and capabilities allow for the implementation of functions that so far seemed to be impossible, or available only to organizations and rich people. F&Home is a cheap solution, and its modular design allows for the division of the entire investment into stages spread over time. New features can be added to the system when needed. The initial system may consist of only a few elements (already offering a lot of opportunities for building automation), and, over time, can be expanded it by additional modules to increase its functionality, and thus to provide better adaptation to individual needs.

Twisted-pair cables are used to transmit signals in telecommunication systems and computer networks. Currently they are mainly used in analog telephony and Ethernet networks. Twisted-pair cables may consist of one or more pairs. The twisting strongly reduces the influence of external electromagnetic interference and mutual interference between the pairs, called crosstalk.

Installing a CCTV system, one has to carefully select the places that should be monitored, deploy appropriate cameras, choose suitable DVRs and hard drives. After the analysis of the facility and potential dangers, the company installed a total of 33 n-cam and v-cam cameras. It is also important to monitor all the entries and exits to/from the hotel building. Properly selected and installed cameras should be able to capture images that allow the identification of any person entering or exiting the building. It helps to protect the guests and the hotel property.

This article concisely presents the process of designing and implementing a multiswitch system in one of multifamily buildings in Krakow - from specification of requirements for the project to the completion and operation of the system.

After many years of the presence of optical fibers in the telecommunications market, it's about time they got settled in houses and apartments. It is forced by the rate of technological progress of consumer electronics that increasingly offers its services on the basis of network connections and online applications.

TERRA products dedicated for shared antenna systems are first-class equipment with a four-year warranty. SMATV distribution networks based on these devices ensure reliable operation for a long time.

The user of a wireless network device such as access point, wireless adapter, modem etc. who wants to buy an external antenna should know the type of the antenna connector used in the device. A multitude of solutions and slight differences in appearance mean that less experienced users can have great difficulty in choosing the antenna with a matching connector.

The transition from copper to fiber-optic technology means the need for new tools and skills. Aside from acquiring some theoretical knowledge, installers must improve their manual skills as the work with optical fibers requires a different, more careful approach.

Wireless Internet access via cellular networks is an increasingly popular service. The growing popularity of this service among subscribers is the result of mobility, higher throughput and lower prices. The absolute highlight is LTE technology that enables the achievement of data rates similar to those in landline /cable or WiFi networks.

The article presents proposals for the comprehensive implementation of telecommunications systems in multi-family buildings, in accordance with the Regulation of the Ministry of Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy on the technical conditions to be met by buildings and their location of 06.11.2012.

Optical RF signal transmission allows for long-range distribution of digital terrestrial and satellite television, DAB radio, security video etc. Fiber-optic SMATV systems provide much more flexibility compared to those based only on coaxial cable.

With the great popularity of optical links in the last few years, the main part of them is currently based on modern single-mode fibers. However, both single-mode and multimode fibers are divided into many types/categories that comply with established standards and factory specifications.

Professional approach to the problem of amplification of television signals in modern DVB-T and SMATV systems is the use of channel amplifiers, which allows for precise gain control and noise reduction.

The elegant and functional RACK cabinets are designed for mounting devices having housings compatible with 19" rack standard (482.6 mm). The height of the devices and auxiliary equipment is standardized as the multiplies of one rack unit ("U" = 1.75" = 44.45 mm). The capacity of a RACK cabinet is determined by its height also given in "U" units. Another important parameter of a RACK cabinet is its depth (external dimension), given in millimeters, e.g. 450 mm, 600 mm, 800 mm. This parameter is especially important for larger devices, such as computers, DVRs. It is important to know the depth of the devices and the necessary space for cabling, in order to choose a suitable cabinet.

PROTECT line consists of portable DVR cameras dedicated for indoor use (including applications in vehicles). High quality video captured by the cameras and audio from the built-in microphones are directly recorded on the inserted memory cards.

Currently in Europe there is a change in the method of broadcasting digital terrestrial television, by replacing the existing DVB-T system with a more effective DVB-T2 standard. Although in most cases the reception of DVB-T2 does not require replacement of the antenna array used to date for DVB-T, the practice shows that in many situations the modernization of the array is necessary. This is mainly connected with new locations and/or lower power of some DVB-T2 transmitters. In such cases, the existing or new antenna systems have to be prepared for the new reception conditions.

ULTIMODE FAST quick assembly connectors allow fiber termination with SC connectors without time-consuming gluing and polishing. The procedure does no require "sterile" conditions, because the end face of the built-in fiber fragment has been glued and polished by the manufacturer. The low loss at the level of 0.25 dB is obtained thanks to advanced positioning of the inserted fiber end by V-shaped grooves. The optical gel that is also used in the connectors reduces the effects of an imprecise cut and a possible gap between the end faces of the fibers.

Our intention in creating this document was to inform prospective investors, project offices and installation companies on the issues connected with (S)MATV / shared antenna systems, in particular, their modernization and adaptation to the requirements of DVB-T.

Many installers believe that fiber optics is an expensive and difficult to implement solution and don't think about it as an alternative to copper cables. They avoid to use fiber optics even in situations where application of this transmission medium seems obvious. Sometimes the investor leaves no choice - as in the case of the installer who appeared in one of our branches, obligated to install a 350-meter-long fiber optic link. After selecting the appropriate converters, we prepared the suitable optical cable with connectors. The final installation (except laying the cable) took about 5 minutes - just inserting the appropriate connectors and connecting power supply.

Currently, H.264 compression has become a standard in digital video recorders (DVRs). The most advanced devices enable the user to control the compression ratio and many parameters of the video stream injected into the network. To understand the impact of the changes and the allowed ranges, the users should know the general principles of this video compression method.

Mechanical splices ULTIMODE FAST-MS1 are used for permanent connections of optical fibers without the need of employing fusion splicers. Low loss at the level of 0.1 dB is obtained thanks to advanced positioning of the fiber end faces by V-shaped grooves.

Digital terrestrial television (DVB-T/T2) covers the whole Europe. These several examples of DVB-T antenna systems will help anyone who wants to build a new antenna system or upgrade the existing one. The antenna installations presented below are a set of options that can be selected depending on the power of the transmitter and its distance to the reception point, as well as specific requirements of the user(s).

Increasing availability of multimedia content presses demand for high quality transmission between the sources (transmitters) and players (receivers) of the content. Extensive multimedia systems in hotels, restaurants, clubs etc. require appropriate equipment to create suitable networks providing the content to multiple flat screens.

An article on the measurements of signals in DVB-T systems. It explains the meaning of the measured values for the quality of reception. The part concerning the amplification of the signals allows for better choice of RF amplifiers, especially in the transitional period (from analog to digital TV).

Mobile phone conversations in buildings are often difficult to carry on, if not impossible. This is due to the signal attenuation through walls, window panes, ceilings (underground). The problems occur in stores, tunnels, underground car parks, petrol stations, airport halls, hotels. A similar situation can be found in buildings located on the border range of base stations (recreational areas, mountains etc).

Taking into account the type of equipment for the assessment of conformity with the essential requirements (compliance with Article 3.2 of the Directive 1999/5/EC) on the effective use of radio spectrum, the following test program has been established...

The EU has increased the requirements for GSM repeaters. They relate to both the width of the transmitted bandwidth (EGSM) and out-of-band emission. The newly introduced SIGNAL repeaters (model numbers: 305, 505 and 1205) meet the requirements. Each of these models has also been equipped with adjustable input attenuator and AGC function.

One of the basic criteria of optical equipment classification is the type of the fiber optics with which it works. It is connected with the type of transmission of light in the fiber core - single-mode or multimode. Transmission of light in optical fibers is based on the phenomenon of total internal reflection. The core, usually made of doped glass, is the center through which light travels along, while the fiber cladding is made of pure glass. Such combination of materials is dictated by their refraction indexes. To achieve total internal reflection, the refraction index of the cladding (pure glass) must be lower than the refractive index of the core (doped glass). The buffer coating surrounding the cladding is a cover layer usually made from a thermoplastic material and special gels, which protects the fiber from mechanical damage.

Below we present examples of application diagrams of terrestrial, satellite, IP, CCTV, and GSM antenna systems. In the first part, we show systems for single-family homes and SOHO applications, in the second part - solutions for multi-family houses and other large buildings.

Here's an example of installation diagram in apartment building. The system provides each outlet with all available terrestrial broadcasts and satellite channels from one satellite (chosen at the stage of initial planning, usually by the administrator of the building). The system is based on TERRA multiswitches of MSV series and satellite taps with different tap attenuation. The biggest advantage of such a system is its flexibility. Thanks to the wide range of TERRA multiswitches, the designer has virtually limitless possibilities of creating the network and choosing the right equipment. The system is expandable and allows to implement new functions in the future.

Here's an example of installation diagram in large apartment building. The system provides each outlet with all available terrestrial broadcasts and satellite channels from two satellites (e.g. Astra 19.2E and HotBird 13E). The system is based on TERRA multiswitches of MSV series and satellite taps with different tap attenuation. The biggest advantage of such a system is flexibility. Thanks to the wide range of TERRA multiswitches, the designer has virtually limitless possibilities of creating the network and choosing the right equipment. The system is expandable and allows to implement new functions in the future.

Here's an example of installation diagram in apartment building. The system provides each outlet with all available terrestrial broadcasts and satellite channels from one satellite (chosen at the stage of initial planning, usually by the administrator of the building). The system is based on radial TERRA multiswitches of MSR series. Thanks to the wide range of TERRA multiswitches, the designer has virtually limitless possibilities of creating the network and choosing the right equipment. The systems are expandable and allow to implement new functions in the future, e.g. CCTV monitoring.

Basic scheme of GSM antenna system suitable for homes and businesses, allowing normal use of mobile phones in situations where the signal inside a building is too low for reliable communication.

Signals from cameras in TV/SAT systems. The conversion of A/V signals into high-frequency RF signals, meaning the introduction of signals from all kinds of signal sources, such as computers, players or surveillance cameras, into a terrestrial TV system, is an operation that requires the use of a so-called modulator. Such device has one or multiple A/V inputs (HDMI) and an RF output (commonly known as the "antenna output), and it allows you to watch the video and listen to the sound on the selected channel , on all TVs connected to the system. For the receiver, the program added to the system is just another terrestrial television channel.

Two Quatro LNBs (A98257) are connected with R70808 multiswitch (via eight coaxial cables TRISET-113 E1015). In the diagram below, the inputs of the multiswitch connected with the second LNB (for a second satellite) are not visible (they are physically placed in the second row, behind the first). The use of a twin-tuner PVR receivers requires installing two TRISET-113 E1015 cables from the multiswitch to the R694140 outlets. This will enable simultaneous viewing of one program and recording of another. The diagram shows two "single" receivers and one twin-tuner receiver.

Diagram of basic antenna installation in a single-family house, capable of receiving terrestrial and satellite channels. The system enables the residents to receive any available terrestrial TV and FM broadcasts, and one chosen (at a moment) satellite TV channel - through every SAT/TV outlet in the home. The satellite channel can be changed from any place in the home where a remote control extender has been installed. The FM/TV antennas, diplexer and satellite dish with LNBs are mounted on the roof; the 2-way splitter, RF amplifier, SAT switch and TV/SAT combiner - in the attic. The satellite receiver can be installed e.g. in the living room. Thanks to the RF modulator cooperating with the receiver, the chosen SAT channel is available in other rooms. An additional coaxial cable from the place with the SAT receiver to the attic will provide possibility of extension in the future (second receiver, PVR, CCTV etc).

This article aims to explain the principles of designing satellite master antenna systems, with the use of very valuable and free SatNet4.2 software from Terra company. SatNet4.2is a simple to use program with a great interface and versatility. It is possible to design a network with a virtually unlimited number of outlets. Simulation results correspond very well with the real effects.

Locations and parameters of terrestrial digital and analog TV transmitters in Poland (information suitable for Polish-speaking users only, available when you choose the Polish version of the website)

The most important task in the design of fiber optic link is to determine the maximum range of the optical transmission path, being in fact the balance of optical power in the link. Balance of power is a comparison of the power at the input of the optical link with the losses in fiber optic cables and other path components. This will help to find the optimal parameters of transmitting and receiving devices to ensure proper signal transmission.

When selecting a model of a camera we are usually interested in possibility of adjustments to various operating conditions. Of course, more advanced models have more capabilities, simpler devices keep some parameters fixed. However, in order to be able to take full advantage of the adjustments, please refer to their technical data and user manuals. We are here discussing a number of typical settings having an impact on the quality of the image, both positive and negative. Such knowledge will help you achieve the best practical results of the camera operation. The impact of changes in camera settings will be demonstrated for ACTI cameras, but the rules apply to other types of cameras from different manufacturers.

Translation of the domain name into the set of numbers is performed by the appropriate DNS server, to which the computer sends a request for the translation of the address. After receiving the response with the numeric address, the computer connects to the relevant computer/server.

Self-amalgamating tape SCAPA 2501 is based on PIB (Polyisobutylene) rubber. It is a versatile material for waterproofing, corrosion protection, jointing and repair of cables - used indoors and outdoors. Product properties and correct application ensure waterproof connections (for fresh and sea water) in a wide range of temperatures.

IP video surveillance has as many supporters as opponents. This is due to many reasons. These include: the price of the equipment, requirements for the transmission medium, image quality, mobility, possibility of building distributed systems, stability of operation etc. Analog and IP cameras. Hybrid solutions. Megapixel cameras. DVRs with network functions. Trends.

The article provides instructions on how to prepare the most often used CCTV cable CAMSET M6000 and install professional compression BNC connector E8293.

WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) is a radio technology which allows to build wireless data networks with satisfactory parameters and quite large ranges of operation at a comparatively low cost. Additional advantage of this technology is short time needed for its implementation.
To meet the needs of many people interested in building WLAN networks, we have decided to collect in one article a bit of theory and a lot of practical information on quick and effective implementation of wireless networks working in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands (802.11).

Improper power supply is often the main reason of faulty operation of CCTV system.

Many people understand that even best educative measures cannot solve the problem of violence in schools. One of efficient methods of improving safety in a school is CCTV surveillance system.